The Southern Regional Extension of Forestry

Issue 183: Week of December 9th, 2024

Recent News

Regional News

• NCSU Shares Christmas Tree Care Tips
• Texas A&M Seeking a Cohort of Educators for Agents of Change Program
• Clemson Researchers Study Workload of Forest Equipment Operators in SC
• Input Needed for Sustainable Biomass Program’s Regional Risk Assessment from SE States
• VT-USFS Share September 2024 Housing Reports
• Three USFS Studies & Reports Relating to Southern Forest Markets and Products

National News

• Public Issues Leadership Council Request for Proposals
• American Forest Foundation & Nature Conservancy Host the First Carbon Auction in the U.S.
• FRA & NAFO Press Release: Principals for Strengthening Logging and Hauling Capacity
• Nominations Now Being Accepted for Attendance at The 9^th American Forest Congress (July 2025, Washington, D.C.)
• Sentinel Landscapes Partnership Announces Upcoming Opportunities to Apply to Become an Official Sentinel Landscape 
• Extension Risk Management Education Now Accepting Proposal Submission

• Forisk Blog Post Highlights Southeastern Sawmill Conversion Rates & Capacity Trends
• Microsoft Announces the Construction of its First Mass Timber Building- a Datacenter
• Walmart and NFWF Announce 10-Year Renewal of the Acres for America Program

Funding Opportunities

• USDA Seeks Applications to Create and Save Jobs in Rural Areas
• USDA NIFA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Grants
• Rural Business Development Grants- For Training, Feasibility Studies, Community Economic Development & More!
• USFS Wood Innovations Funding Opportunity Program- Accelerate Wood Products & Wood Energy Markets
• USFS Community Wood Grant Program- Install Thermal Wood Energy System or Expand Innovative Wood Product Facility
• USFS Wood Products Infrastructure Assistance (WPIA) Grant Program- Financial Assistance to Facilities that Process Byproducts from Ecosystem Restoration Projects
• USFS Urban & Community Forestry Program Grant for Communities to Acquire & Establish Community Forests
• USDA to Begin Issuing $2.14 Billion to Agricultural Producers through Key Conservation and Safety-Net Programs
• Forest Legacy Program Announcement - 2024 IRA Round 2 Project Awards
• The Community Forest and Open Space Conservation Program Grant
• 2025 Five Star and Urban Waters Restoration Grant Program
• Heating Monitoring Funding Opportunity for Communities
• Sentinel Landscapes Partnership Announces Upcoming Expression of Interest
• Longleaf Landscape Stewardship Fund 2025 Request for Proposals
• Impact Investing Program Round 2 Announced for January 2025
• Climate Smart Communities Initiatives Community Resilience Grant
• National Forest Foundation’s Matching Awards Program Round 1
• US Endowment Announces RFP Beginning January 2025 for Round Two of its Impact Investing Program 

Webinars

Access previously listed webinars here.

• Navigating Military Readiness Through Responsible Project Execution
• SAF Urban Wood Network Webinar Series
• Creating Compelling Proposals
• Site Considerations Before Establishing a New Seed Orchard
• Frontiers in Forest Health: Mycorrhizal Network Misinformation
• Arborist Short Course Series
• Tree Tenders Training Series
• Woods in Your Backyard Series
• A Bird’s Eye View of Habitat
• SC Women Owning Woodlands Fall 2024 Webinar Series: NRCS Cost Share Opportunities
• Urban Tree Stressors
• Caring For Trees
• How Trees Work
• Why Care About Trees
• Women's Forest Congress December Lunch & Learn
• How Carbon Credit Auctions Can Scale the VCM
• Longleaf Landscape Stewardship Fund 2025 Applicant Webinar
• Biochar-based system for the removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from recycled water.
• Evaluating the Change and Future of the U.S. Land Base with the RPA Assessment
• Recent and Future Trends in Forest and Rangeland Disturbances from the RPA Assessment
• Recent and Future Trends in Forest Resources from the RPA Assessment
• Recent and Future Trends in Forest Product Markets from the RPA Assessment
• Recent and Future Trends in Rangeland Resources from the RPA Assessment
• Recent and Future Trends in Water Resources from the RPA Assessment
• Patterns in Wildlife and Aquatic Biodiversity from the RPA Assessment
• Recent and Future Trends in Outdoor Recreation from the RPA Assessment
• Expert Roundtable Discussion of the Resources Planning Act Assessment
• Prescribed Fire Effects on Southern Pine Tree Growth and Forest Structure
• Native Forest Insect Pests of the Southern US: Biology, Management, and Impact
• A Progress Report on Resistance Breeding in Forest Trees
• Forest Service Wood Innovations Grantee Spotlight: Sawmills
• Best Management Practices for Forestry in Florida
• Prescribed Fire and Wetlands: an Important but Rarely Told Story
• Succession Planning for Landowners and Business
• Recovering Forests from Hurricane Helene

Job Opportunities

• Assistant/Associate Professor & Extension Specialist Natural Resources Science Communication
• UKY Dept. of Forestry & Natural Resources Dept. Chair
• Director of Agricultural Sciences and Forestry (Louisiana Tech University)
• Assistant or Associate Professor in Program and Staff Development (Mississippi State)
• Asst/Assoc. Outreach Professor & Extension Specialist of Natural Resources Science Communication (University of Georgia)
• Asst/Assoc. Professor of Biomaterials (University of Georgia)
• Asst/Assoc. Professor of Precision Forestry (University of Georgia)
• Livestock Grazing Coordinator (Texas A&M)
• Southern High Plains Project Director (Amarillo, TX)

NCSU Shares Christmas Tree Care Tips

North Carolina State University (NCSU) Extension has shared several tips to help extend the longevity of real Christmas trees. According to their experts, the key to keeping a tree fresh begins with selecting one that is already moist. Moist trees are displayed in water or on damp ground in the shade, with soft, dark-green needles. After bringing the tree home, make a fresh cut across the stem’s base, ensure it is kept away from excessive heat, and provide plenty of water to maintain its freshness. To read more about Christmas tree care tips & more, click here.

Texas A&M Seeking a Cohort of Educators for Agents of Change Program

Texas A&M Agrilife Extension and partners are recruiting a cohort of twelve educators and natural resource professionals as “agents of change” for a U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) funded Climate Hub Partnership project. They are looking for highly motivated individuals with a strong interest in increasing climate awareness and promoting climate-smart land management practices such as pyric-herbivory and multi-species grazing to attend a 5-day workshop. Applications will be accepted until February 7, 2025. View the flyer here and apply by clicking here.

Clemson Researchers Study Workload of Forest Equipment Operators in SC

Researchers from Clemson University recently published results from a study assessing the physical and mental workload of logging equipment operators in South Carolina during timber harvesting operations using mechanized systems like feller-bunchers, grapple skidders, and knuckle-boom loaders. They logged the heart rate of equipment operators during this range of logging activities to discover if or which activities were causing excessive physical and mental workload. Operators were also asked to evaluate their workloads by completing the NASA Task Load Index (TLX). The NASA TLX is a survey that asks participants to quantify their workload based on six dimensions:  mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, effort, performance, and frustration. Results indicated no significant difference in the overall workload of operators working at clearcut and thinning sites. Results from the NASA TLX suggested that perceived effort and frustration levels contributed the most towards overall workload, with performance contributing the least. Sudden heart rate spikes were observed only during physical activities. Read the article here.

Input Needed for Sustainable Biomass Program’s Regional Risk Assessment from SE States

The Sustainable Biomass Program (SBP), a certification scheme for woody biomass used for large-scale energy production, is encouraging stakeholders and interested or affected parties to review and comment on its’ Regional Risk Assessment (RRA). SBP is primarily concerned with comments relevant to the determination of risk associated with conformance to applicable SBP standards defining sustainable sourcing of fiber from the primary biomass sourcing regions of the U.S, including Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia. SBP Standards for sustainable sourcing include compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, biodiversity protections, ecosystem functions, and maintaining carbon stocks. The primary focus of this risk assessment is forest-originating, wood fiber biomass including forest residues, forest thinnings, and low value stemwood originating in forest lands. Red the RRA here. Comments can be submitted by clicking here.

VT-USFS Share September 2024 Housing Reports

Virginia Tech (VT), Virginia Cooperative Extension, and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) produce a free monthly report on the state of the housing market and more. The reports are intended to help gauge future business activity. Topics covered include (but are not limited to) new housing starts, housing scorecards, housing under construction, new housing sales, construction sales, etc. All past housing reports are archived here. Click here to read the main section of the most recent report, and here to read the economic conditions section.

Three USFS Studies & Reports Relating to Southern Forest Markets and Products

The U.S. Forest Service (USFS) Southern Research Station has shared several articles and reports relating to Southern forest markets and products. “Markets: An Analysis to Support the Southern Forest Outlook” includes an analysis of six scenarios for the future and explains how income, population, climate, technology, and trade changes can affect forest product markets in the South. “The South’s Timber Industry—an Assessment of Timber Product Output and Use, 2011–2017” uses wood-processing plant performance data from the Forest Inventory Analysis (FIA) Timber Product Output and found that the South produces over half of all U.S. wood. Sawlogs, pulpwood, and bioenergy cubic feet have all increased between 2011 to 2017. A new modeling study, found here, reveals that hurricanes can affect timber markets for up to 25 years, as salvaged wood floods the market and interrupts standard harvesting. 

Public Issues Leadership Council Request for Proposals

The Public Issues Leadership Development (PILD) Conference planning committee is seeking proposals for the 2025 PILD Conference, to be held April 7-8, 2025, in Arlington, VA. The planning committee is seeking abstracts from Extension professionals who have demonstrated programming impacts to address critical public issues at local, state, regional or national levels. This year’s conference theme is Year-Round Impact. Two types of proposals are being sought, posters and 10-minute talks. All proposals must be received by December 10 end of day. Learn more by clicking here.

American Forest Foundation & Nature Conservancy Host the First Carbon Auction in the U.S.

The American Forest Foundation (AFF) and The Nature Conservancy (TNC) are holding the first auction for carbon credits from the Family Forest Carbon Program in February 2025. This Carbon Auction is the first U.S. carbon auction and is designed to offer buyers a transparent and streamlined way to secure high-quality carbon credits while supporting rural communities and family forest owners. Not only will the auction assist with the deployment of nature-based solutions, but it will also provide the Family Forest Carbon Program with funding to support its goal of delivering measurable carbon impacts and high-quality ecological and community co-benefits. A webinar was held on December 5^th, that included an overview of how this auction will work. The webinar covered details on how the auctions can streamline the buying process, offer companies greater transparency, and provide the essential upfront funding to deliver measurable and verifiable impacts in the fight against climate change. Learn more about the Carbon Auction here.

FRA & NAFO Press Release: Principals for Strengthening Logging and Hauling Capacity

A new document developed by the Forest Resources Association (FRA), the National Alliance of Forest Owners (NAFO), and other partners outlines a unified approach for strengthening logging and hauling capacity. The report identifies challenges such as workflow uncertainty, seasonality, system inefficiencies, escalating costs, an aging workforce, public misconceptions, and other factors as key obstacles. To improve future logging and hauling workforce capacity, FRA, NAFO, the American Wood Council and the American Loggers Council affirmed that they are united in a common vision for securing logging and hauling capacity for the future through facilitating better communication, supporting investments, pursuing federal policies and more. Read the statement by clicking here.

Nominations Now Being Accepted for Attendance at The 9^th American Forest Congress (July 2025, Washington, D.C.)

The American Forest Congress, a gathering of natural resource management leaders focused on discussing and shaping forest policy in the U.S., will host its 9th meeting July 15-18, 2025, in Washington, DC. The congress has decided to convene soon to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and focus on the vital role forests play in providing natural climate solutions. The theme of this meeting is Equity & Climate, to highlight the congress’ commitment to diversity. Self-nominations are being accepted to attend the American Forest Congress. The following facts will be considered when selecting attendees for the congress: (1) expertise and influence, (2) geographic diversity, (3) sectoral balance, (4) youth and emerging leaders, and (5) new voices. Learn more here. Access the nomination form here.

Sentinel Landscapes Partnership Announces Upcoming Opportunities to Apply to Become an Official Sentinel Landscape 

The Sentinel Landscapes Partnership, comprised of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Department of Defense (DOD), Department of the Interior (DOI), and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), has announced that the 2026 Sentinel Landscape Designation Cycle will begin in January 2025 with the release of an Expression of Interest (EOI). The partnership strives to advance sustainable land use practices around military installations and ranges by supporting sentinel landscapes, areas where conservation, working lands, and national defense interests converge. Any entity whose mission aligns with these goals will be eligible to apply. There are numerous benefits to being selected as a sentinel landscape including eligibility to receive funding from partner agencies, improved recognition by government entities, access to the national Sentinel Landscapes Network, and much more. Click here to read the previous Sentinel Landscape Designation Cycle’s Application Guide and here to watch a recorded webinar. To learn more about The Sentinel Landscapes Partnership, click here.

Extension Risk Management Education Now Accepting Proposal Submission

The 2025 Extension Risk Management Education (ERME) National Conference is requesting 30-minute concurrent session and poster presentation proposal submissions. The conference, held in Nashville, TN on April 1-3, 2025, will bring together public and private sector educators, crop insurance agents, lenders, and other agricultural professionals to share ongoing and emerging successful risk management education efforts that target agricultural producers and their families. Exhibit topics may include programming related to areas of risk addressed by agricultural risk management education including financial, production, marketing, legal, and human. Proposals must be submitted by January 17, 2025, to be considered.

Forisk Blog Post Highlights Southeastern Sawmill Conversion Rates & Capacity Trends

A recent blog post by Forisk, an independent forest economics research firm, summarizes data on the sawmill conversion rate, which represents the ratio of tons of feedstock needed to produce one thousand board feet (MBF) of lumber. The data was collected from 14 sawmill companies across the Southeast via phone interviews with company representatives, and focused on each facility’s feedstock species, feedstock specifications, end products, conversion rates, and recent capital expenditures. Forisk found that the weighted average conversion rate for sawmills with capacities of 50-100 million board feet (MMBF) is 4.37 tons per MBF, 101-200 MMBF is 4.27 tons per MBF, and greater than 200 MMBF is 4.07 tons per MBF. This indicates that sawmills with greater capacities also have better weighted average conversion rates. In the blog post, they also compared the number of southeastern sawmills in 2024 verses in 2019. The number of mills with capacity less than 50 MMBF declined by 6% and mills producing over 200 MMBF increased by 62%. Forisk offers a subscription or one-time purchase service for access to their Mill Capacity Database, which is a digital platform with data for over 2,300 wood-using mills across North America and provides this type of data. Read the blog post here. 

Microsoft Announces the Construction of its First Mass Timber Building- a Datacenter

Microsoft is building its first two mass timber datacenters, using cross-laminated timber (CLT) in Northern Virginia. CLT is a fire-resistant wood panel product made by gluing several layers of solid-sawn lumber together, with each layer orientated perpendicular to the adjacent layer. The structure is estimated to reduce the carbon footprint of both datacenters by 35% compared to steel construction and 65% compared to precast concrete. The decision to build the datacenters using wood instead of other construction materials was influenced by Microsoft’s sustainability goal to be carbon negative by 2023. Additionally, by 2025 Microsoft plans to remove from the atmosphere the equivalent of all the carbon the company has emitted since its founding in 1975. Read Microsoft’s article here.

Walmart and NFWF Announce 10-Year Renewal of the Acres for America Program

Walmart and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) recently announced a 10-year, $34.5 million renewal of the historic Acres for America conservation program. Acres for America began in 2005, when Walmart U.S. made a commitment to NFWF to fund one acre of wildlife habitat conservation for every acre of land developed in the U.S. Since then, more than 2 million acres of wildlife habitat were protected by this commitment. Acres for America has supported projects in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico with projects benefiting numerous wildlife species and habitats vital to community resilience. The program holds a competitive grant process each year to identify and support projects across America. The 2025 grant opportunities have yet to be announced, but the 2024 projects can be found here. Read more about Acres for America by clicking here.

In this webinar, the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) Wood Innovations team will be be highlighting three sawmill projects that have been supported through Wood Innovations Grants. The Forest Service recognizes the critical role that sawmills play in forest restoration projects, and the vital function of sawmills as economic engines in their communities. Click here to register

In this session, explore the critical role of nature-based solutions (NbS) in disaster preparedness and climate change adaptation. Presentations and discussions will explore actionable strategies for scaling up NbS, with an emphasis on overcoming challenges such as securing the necessary funding to bring these innovative solutions to life. Thought leaders from several agencies (including the Federal Emergency Management Agency, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Protection Agency, and Department of Interior) will discuss how they are incorporating NbS into disaster planning and share relevant technical and financial resources. Register here.

SC Women Owning Woodlands Fall 2024 Webinar Series: NRCS Cost Share Opportunities

A Bird’s Eye View of Habitat

Navigating Military Readiness Through Responsible Project Execution

SAF Urban Wood Network Webinar Series: USRW Standards

This is an informative session for the 2025 Longleaf Landscape Stewardship Fund request for proposals funding opportunity. This RFP will award approximately $31 million in funding to support on-the-ground projects that help accelerate longleaf pine restoration on private and public lands to support wildlife, sequester carbon, safeguard water quality, and increase forest resilience. Learn more about his funding here and register for the webinar here.

This free technical training will educate forestry professionals, landowners, and land managers about Florida’s Silviculture Best Management Practices (BMPs) for water quality, and the Florida Forestry Wildlife Best Management Practices for State Imperiled Species (WBMPs). This training is approved for 5.5 hours of SAF Cat 1 CFEs. Register here.

The US Forest Service in partnership with the US Biochar Initiative and the Southern Regional Extension Forestry presented its latest Biochar Webinar. Biochar is an effective and low-cost adsorbent for PFAS molecules, and it could be used for reducing their environmental mobility. Dr. Ramos, a Postdoctoral Research Scientist at the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS), will present her research work findings about biochar properties optimization by characterization of feedstocks, pyrolysis temperature, and post-production modification to maximize PFAS retention. Click here to register.

This Fueling Collaboration panel discussion will focus on the role of fire in various wetland ecosystems and examine the challenges and opportunities associated with its use. Join this session to hear from scientists, land managers, and biologists working in pocosins, marshes, swamps, bogs, and isolated wetlands. Register here.

Creating Compelling Proposals

Site Considerations Before Establishing a New Seed Orchard

A Bird’s Eye View of Habitat

How Trees Work

Introduction, ISA Certification, and Tree Biology

Why Care About Trees

Tree Identification Basics and Introduction to Soils

Water Relations and Plant Nutrition

This webinar is part of the Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment Webinar Series, hosted by the Society of American Foresters (SAF) and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS). The RPA Assessment is a legislatively mandated, recurring assessment of the past trends, current status, and projected 50-year futures of renewable resources across all forests and rangelands in the United States. This webinar series will each focus on a different resource area covered by the 2020 RPA Assessment. Learn more and register here.

Frontiers in Forest Health: Mycorrhizal Network Misinformation

The Woods in Your Backyard: Why Are They Important

Site Analysis, Tree Selection, Installation, and Establishment

This webinar is part of the Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment Webinar Series, hosted by the Society of American Foresters (SAF) and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS). The RPA Assessment is a legislatively mandated, recurring assessment of the past trends, current status, and projected 50-year futures of renewable resources across all forests and rangelands in the United States. This webinar series will each focus on a different resource area covered by the 2020 RPA Assessment. Learn more and register here.

This session, “Filter Media-Based BMPs for Runoff Reduction: Lessons Learned,” delves into insights and experiences gained throughout the process. Whether involved in planning, implementation, or evaluation, voices are essential to this collaborative discussion. Register here.

Diagnosis of Insect Pests and Disease Pests on Trees

Tree Identification

This webinar is Module 1 of a 5-part webinar series on succession planning. Webinars will be held weekly on Wednesdays at 2:00PM until February 19th. Topics include communication and conflict in succession, key players in succession, road mapping and goals in succession, and planning and coordination in succession. Register here.

The Importance of Woods to Healthy Watersheds

Tree Pruning and Urban Forestry

This webinar is part of the Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment Webinar Series, hosted by the Society of American Foresters (SAF) and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS). The RPA Assessment is a legislatively mandated, recurring assessment of the past trends, current status, and projected 50-year futures of renewable resources across all forests and rangelands in the United States. This webinar series will each focus on a different resource area covered by the 2020 RPA Assessment. Learn more and register here.

This webinar is part of the Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment Webinar Series, hosted by the Society of American Foresters (SAF) and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS). The RPA Assessment is a legislatively mandated, recurring assessment of the past trends, current status, and projected 50-year futures of renewable resources across all forests and rangelands in the United States. This webinar series will each focus on a different resource area covered by the 2020 RPA Assessment. Learn more and register here.

Tree Risk Assessment and Protecting Trees

Tree Planting

Trees and Shrubs for Different Sites and Objectives

This webinar is part of the Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment Webinar Series, hosted by the Society of American Foresters (SAF) and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS). The RPA Assessment is a legislatively mandated, recurring assessment of the past trends, current status, and projected 50-year futures of renewable resources across all forests and rangelands in the United States. This webinar series will each focus on a different resource area covered by the 2020 RPA Assessment. Learn more and register here.

Safe Working Practices and Climbing

This webinar is part of the Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment Webinar Series, hosted by the Society of American Foresters (SAF) and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS). The RPA Assessment is a legislatively mandated, recurring assessment of the past trends, current status, and projected 50-year futures of renewable resources across all forests and rangelands in the United States. This webinar series will each focus on a different resource area covered by the 2020 RPA Assessment. Learn more and register here.

Discover the enduring resilience of Southeastern forests as they face the aftermath of Hurricane Helene, a storm that brought destructive winds, flooding, and landslides. In this webinar, Extension Forest Management Specialist Jameson Boone will explore the scope of damage inflicted by the hurricane, highlighting both immediate and long-term impacts on forest ecosystems. Boone will also delve into the critical processes of forest recovery and management strategies that support ecological resilience. This discussion is essential for those interested in forest health, climate impacts, and the ongoing journey of natural restoration following severe weather events. Click here to register.

Cabling and Bracing and Lightening Protection, Plant Health Care, and IPM Concepts

Organizing Volunteer Tree Plantings

Forest Ecology and Woodlot Management Techniques

This webinar is part of the Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment Webinar Series, hosted by the Society of American Foresters (SAF) and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS). The RPA Assessment is a legislatively mandated, recurring assessment of the past trends, current status, and projected 50-year futures of renewable resources across all forests and rangelands in the United States. This webinar series will each focus on a different resource area covered by the 2020 RPA Assessment. Learn more and register here.

This webinar is part of the Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment Webinar Series, hosted by the Society of American Foresters (SAF) and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS). The RPA Assessment is a legislatively mandated, recurring assessment of the past trends, current status, and projected 50-year futures of renewable resources across all forests and rangelands in the United States. This webinar series will each focus on a different resource area covered by the 2020 RPA Assessment. Learn more and register here.

Arborist Short Course Series - Course Review

This webinar is part of the Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment Webinar Series, hosted by the Society of American Foresters (SAF) and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS). The RPA Assessment is a legislatively mandated, recurring assessment of the past trends, current status, and projected 50-year futures of renewable resources across all forests and rangelands in the United States. This webinar series will each focus on a different resource area covered by the 2020 RPA Assessment. Learn more and register here.

Urban Tree Stressors

Fire is an integral component of southern forests. Especially in some pine systems that have developed adaptations to frequent fires and even depend on it to thrive. Fires can naturally occur but can also be intentionally set as a forest management tool. Prescribed fire is a planned and controlled application of fire to achieve specific goals. But what can prescribe fire be used for and how does it help southern pine systems? In this webinar, Dr. Doug Aubrey will discuss prescribed fire in southern pine forests including its benefits, impacts on forest health, and the effects of excluding fire from an ecosystem. Register here.

Providing and Enhancing Wildlife Habitat

Caring for Trees

Identifying and Controlling Invasive Plants in Small Woodlots

Healthy Woods: Common Insects and Diseases

Converting Lawns to Natural Areas (Meadows and Woods)

Putting Your knowledge to Work: What’s Your Plan? Map it Out

Pines face several native and non-native insect pests that can cause damage and mortality. The southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis), Ips. spp., and the Nantucket pine tip moth (Rhyacionia frustrana) are a few of these pests. But what kind of problems do these pests cause in pine stands and what can be done to manage them? In this webinar, Dr. John Nowak will give an update on pine pests impacting the southeast and discuss their biology, impact, and common management tactics. Register here.

The American elm (Ulmus americana) was once a common street tree, but populations have been depleted by Dutch elm disease. Ash species (Fraxinus) have suffered losses from emerald ash borer. The American chestnut (Castanea dentata) was once the largest tree in eastern North America and nicknamed “the redwood of the East,” but now mostly grows as a shrub due to the introduction of chestnut blight. Will there ever be a chance of returning iconic tree species to the landscape for future generations? That’s the goal of resistance breeding in forest trees. In this webinar, Dr. Carrie Pike will discuss the process and importance of breeding trees for pest resistance. Register here.

USDA Seeks Applications to Create and Save Jobs in Rural Areas

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is accepting funding applications for projects that will help rural businesses create and save jobs within their communities. USDA is making loans and grants available under the Rural Economic Development Loan and Grant (REDLG) programs for the fiscal year 2025. Through the programs, USDA provides zero-interest loans to local utilities which they then provide to local businesses for projects to create and retain employment in rural areas. The USDA will be awarding approximately $50 million, with the largest loans being $2 million and the largest grants being $300,000. Applications are to be submitted to the USDA Rural Development State Office where the project is located at 4:30PM local time by the following dates: First Quarter – September 30th, Second Quarter – December 31st, Third Quarter – March 31st, 2025, or Fourth Quarter – June 30th, 2025. Click here for more information.

Rural Business Development Grants- For Training, Feasibility Studies, Community Economic Development & More!

The U.S Department of Agriculture (USDA) is seeking proposals for its Rural Business Development Grants program that will promote rural economic development and job creation projects through the awarding of grant funds. Applications will compete in two separate categories, business opportunity grants and business enterprise grants. Eligible applicants are public body/government entities, Indian Tribes, and nonprofit entities primarily serving rural areas. Rural Business Development Grant money must be used for projects that benefit rural areas or towns outside the urbanized periphery of any city with a population of 50,000 or more. There is no maximum grant amount, but smaller requests will be given higher priority. Grant funds can be used for many different things from training & technical assistance to acquisition of land, easements, capitalization of revolving loan funds, rural distance learning for job training, community economic development, feasibility studies and more! Completed applications may be submitted in paper or electronic format and must be received by 4:30 PM local time on February 28, 2025. Learn more here.

USFS Wood Innovations Funding Opportunity Program- Accelerate Wood Products & Wood Energy Markets

The U.S. Forest Service (USFS) has announced the availability of funding to support projects that will substantially expand and accelerate wood products and wood energy markets throughout the United States to support forest management needs on National Forest System and other forest lands. The agency plans to award up to $8 million in funding from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and Inflation Reduction Act. Eligible applicants are for-profit entities, state, and local governments, Indian Tribes, school districts,

community not-for-profit organizations, institutions of higher education, and special purpose districts. The maximum amount for each award is generally $300,000 but the USFS will consider up to $500,00 to proposals with a significant impact on wood products or energy markets. The application deadline is December 11 at 5:00PM local time. To learn more, click here.

USFS Urban & Community Forestry Program Grant for Communities to Acquire & Establish Community Forests

The USDA Forest Service (USFS) Urban & Community Forest Program has released a new funding opportunity. The Community Forest and Open Space Conservation Program is a competitive grant program administered by the USFS that provides funding for communities to acquire and establish community forests. The program targets private forests that are threatened by conversion to non-forest uses and empowers communities to steward the places they cherish. Since 2012, the Community Forest Program has conserved over 37,000 acres and supported 103 community-driven projects across 30 States and territories. The Fiscal Year 2025 Community Forest Program Request for Applications (RFA) is now available! The full Request for Applications, along with application guidance and scoring guidance, are available on Grants.gov (Opportunity Number: USDA-FS-2025-CFP). These documents can be found under the ‘Related Documents’ tab and are downloadable as a zipped file. Additional resources and information about the program are available on the Community Forest Program website. Applications are due to State Foresters or equivalent Tribal government officials by January 13, 2025. Interested applicants are strongly encouraged to contact and work with a regional CFP coordinator during the application process and before submission.

USDA to Begin Issuing $2.14 Billion to Agricultural Producers through Key Conservation and Safety-Net Programs

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) today announced that it will begin issuing more than $2.14 billion in payments to eligible agricultural producers, and landowners—providing much needed support through key conservation and safety-net programs. Producers should soon receive payments from USDA’s Farm Service Agency (FSA) for their participation in these programs aimed to conserve natural resources and keep family farms economically viable. Specifically, program participants are expected to receive more than $1.7 billion through the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and CRP Transition Incentive Program (CRP TIP) and more than $447 million through the Agriculture Risk Coverage and Prices Loss Coverage (ARC/PLC) programs. Additionally, FSA is announcing an investment of $21 million for projects to better measure the effectiveness of CRP. For more information click here.

2025 Five Star and Urban Waters Restoration Grant Program

The 2025 Five Star and Urban Waters Restoration Grant Program provides approximately $2.5 million in grants to support projects that improve water quality, restore habitats, and engage communities in conservation efforts. The program prioritizes ecological restoration (wetlands, riparian areas, urban habitats), green infrastructure, environmental outreach, and partnerships that involve underserved communities. Applicants must include five or more community partners and focus on enhancing natural resources while addressing environmental hazards. Proposals are due by January 30, 2025, with a geographic focus that includes both urban and rural communities. For more details, visit the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation grant page.

Impact Investing Program Round 2 Announced for January 2025

The U.S. Endowment of Forestry and Communities will conduct a second round of its Impact Investing Program early next year. A request for proposal (RFP) will be released in January 2025 with up to $6.5 million available for projects that generate financial returns while enhancing forest health, supporting forest-reliant communities, and expanding sustainable forest markets. The program focuses on three primary areas: (1) working forests, (2) rural forest-reliant communities, and (3) industry processes and products. An informational webinar will be offered on December 18 at 3:00PM ET. Learn more here. Sign up for email notifications here.

Climate Smart Communities Initiatives Community Resilience Grant

Climate Smart Communities Initiatives (CSCI) is currently accepting applications for grants to advance community-based climate resilience efforts. The applicants must be a community-based organization and a local, regional, or Tribal government entity. The funds can be used for a range of activities depending on the needs of the community, including climate vulnerability and risk analyses, planning processes, community engagement, project prioritization, and/or the implementation of projects. Each grant will cover a 12-month period, and include approximately $100,000 in funding as well as access to training opportunities, technical experts, and cohort support. Applicants must submit the proposal no later than March 3rd at 8:00AM. Learn more here.

National Forest Foundation’s Matching Awards Program Round 1

The National Forest Foundation’s (NFF) Matching Awards Program (MAP) is a highly competitive grant program, focused on creating opportunities for communities, especially underserves ones, to benefit from activities on National Forst lands or nearby public lands. Projects for this grant must take place on U.S. National Forests or Grasslands, or on adjacent public lands, and demonstrate a benefit to the National Forest System lands. Eligible organizations are nonprofit organizations, Tribal governments and organizations, and universities. Projects funded in this round, Round 1, will begin in May 2025 and may run for up to 18 months. The application deadline is on February 8, 2025 at 2:00AM ET. An informational webinar will be available on December 19th starting at noon; register here. Learn more about MAP here.

USDA NIFA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Grants

The National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) is awarding Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) research, education, and extension grants to improve rural economies, increase food production, stimulate the bioeconomy, mitigate impacts of climate variability, address water availability issues, ensure food safety and security, enhance human nutrition, and train the next generation of the agricultural workforce. The grants are provided to support six Farm Bill priority areas: (1) plant health and production and plant products, (2) animal health and production and animal products, (3) food safety, nutrition, and health, (4) bioenergy, natural resources, and environment, (5) agriculture systems and technology, and (6) agriculture economics and rural Communities. There are several different grants available with closing dates ranging from September 30 through December 31. Click here to learn more.

USFS Wood Products Infrastructure Assistance (WPIA) Grant Program- Financial Assistance to Facilities that Process Byproducts from Ecosystem Restoration Projects

The U.S. Forest Service (USFS) is announcing the availability of up to $20 million of financial assistance to facilities that purchase and process byproducts from ecosystem restoration projects in areas at risk of unnaturally severe wildfire or insect or disease infestation. The total available funding will be up to $20 million with a minimum request amount of $50,000 and a maximum request of $1 million. Eligible applicants are for-profit entities, state, local governments, Indian Tribes, school districts, communities, not-for-profit organizations, institutions of higher education, and special purpose districts. There is no match required for proposals. Applicantions are due by December 18 at 5:00PM. To learn more, click here.

USFS Community Wood Grant Program- Install Thermal Wood Energy System or Expand Innovative Wood Product Facility

The U.S. Forest Service (USFS) is announcing the availability of Community Wood grant funding to install a thermally led community wood energy system or build or expand an innovative wood product facility. The agency plans to award up to $6 million in funding from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. Eligible applicants are non-profits, local, state, and tribal governments, businesses, companies, corporations (for profit), institutions of higher education, and special purpose districts. The maximum for each award is $1 million to pay for up to 35% of total capital costs. The Forest Service may consider awarding up to $1.5 million (for up to 50% of total capital costs) to proposals located in areas of high unemployment. The application is due by December 18 at 5:00PM local time. To learn more, click here.

Forest Legacy Program Announcement -2024 IRA Round 2 Project Awards

Today, the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Forest Service announced an investment of more than $265 million to conserve nearly 335,000 acres of ecologically and economically significant forestlands across the nation, in partnership with states across the country, thanks to funding from President Biden’s Inflation Reduction Act. Through the Forest Legacy Program, states work with Tribes, local communities, and landowners to identify important private forestlands and develop proposals to conserve these lands as forests. The Forest Service selects the top proposals for funding through a competitive, entirely voluntary process and provides grant funding to participating states so they may implement the work. Some of this land will stay in private ownership and will be permanently protected and conserved as forests, while states will also purchase other parcels to be managed as public land. The news release is available here. Project funding details are available on the Forest Legacy Program website here.

Heating Monitoring Funding Opportunity for Communities

The Center for Collaborative Heat Monitoring (CCHM) directly supports communities through a co-developed community science project, training, and a $10,000 stipend, for up to 10 communities per year. This funding is allocated for communities in the U.S. that are affected by extreme heat to assist them with creating a heat monitoring project. CCHM will prioritize applications submitted by communities who have experienced historical patterns of discrimination, underinvestment, and disenfranchisement, and have limited resources to conduct heat monitoring on their own. Every community that participates in a CCHM campaign will need one principal organization that will lead the campaign, preferably in addition to several partner organizations that can assist with outreach and other tasks. Applications are due by 11:59 PM eastern time on January 17, 2025. Click here to learn more. Click here to access the application form and instructions.

The Community Forest and Open Space Conservation Program Grant

The USDA Forest Service Urban & Community Forest Program has released a new funding opportunity. The Community Forest and Open Space Conservation Program is a competitive grant program that provides funding for communities to acquire and establish community forests. The program targets private forests that are threatened by conversion to non-forest uses and empowers communities to steward the places they cherish. Since 2012, the Community Forest Program has conserved over 37,000 acres and supported 103 community-driven projects across 30 States and territories. The Fiscal Year 2025 Community Forest Program Request for Applications (RFA) is now available! The full Request for Applications, along with application guidance and scoring guidance, are available on Grants.gov (Opportunity Number: USDA-FS-2025-CFP). These documents can be found under the ‘Related Documents’ tab and are downloadable as a zipped file. Additional resources and information about the program are available on the Community Forest Program website. Applications are due to State Foresters or equivalent Tribal government officials by January 13, 2025. Interested applicants are strongly encouraged to contact and work with a regional CFP coordinator during the application process and before submission.

Sentinel Landscapes Partnership Announces Upcoming Expression of Interest

The Sentinel Landscapes Partnership, comprised of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Department of Defense (DOD), Department of the Interior (DOI), and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), has announced that the 2026 Sentinel Landscape Designation Cycle will begin in January 2025 with the release of an Expression of Interest (EOI). The partnership strives to advance sustainable land use practices around military installations and ranges by supporting sentinel landscapes, areas where conservation, working lands, and national defense interests converge. Any entity whose mission aligns with these goals will be eligible to apply. There are numerous benefits to being selected as a sentinel landscape including becoming eligible to receive funding from partner agencies, improved recognition by government entities, access to the national Sentinel Landscapes Network, and much more. Click here to read the previous Sentinel Landscape Designation Cycle’s Application Guide and here to watch a recorded webinar. To learn more about The Sentinel Landscapes Partnership, click here.

Longleaf Landscape Stewardship Fund 2025 Request for Proposals

The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation has announced the release of the 2025 request for proposals (RFP) under the Longleaf Landscape Stewardship Fund. This RFP will award approximately $31 million in funding to support on-the-ground projects that help accelerate longleaf pine restoration on private and public lands to support wildlife, sequester carbon, safeguard water quality, and increase forest resilience. Limited funding is also available to support bottomland hardwood restoration and enhancement activities. An applicant webinar, found here, will be held on December 11 from 3:00-4:30PM. Proposals are due by February 5, 2025 at 11:59PM ET. for more information, click here.

US Endowment Announces RFP Beginning January 2025 for Round Two of its Impact Investing Program

The U.S. Endowment for Forestry and Communities will conduct a second round of its Impact Investing Program early next year. A request for proposals (RFP) will be released in January 2025 with up to $6.5 million available for projects that generate financial returns while enhancing forest health, supporting forest-reliant communities, and expanding sustainable forest markets. The program focuses on three primary areas: (1) working forests, (2) rural forest-reliant communities, and (3) industry processes and products. An informational webinar, found here, will be offered on December 18 at 3:00PM ET. Round two seeks to deploy up to $6.5 million in funding to companies, funds, or projects that advance systemic, transformative and sustainable benefits for the health and vitality of our nation’s working forests and forest-reliant communities. Learn more here. Sign up for email notifications here.

Assistant/Associate Professor & Extension Specialist Natural Resources Science Communication

This is a full-time, 9-month position at the rank of Assistant or Associate Professor, with responsibilities in outreach (60%), teaching (35%), and professional service (5%). The successful candidate is expected to conduct applied research to support outreach and teaching programs.

Individuals with expertise in the following areas are encouraged to apply: natural resources science

communication, science communication, agricultural education, environmental education, or a closely related natural resources discipline.

For the outreach appointment, the successful candidate will integrate three main functions: (1)

instruction and training of extension professionals and undergraduate and graduate students, (2)

applied research, and (3) consultation and technical assistance to stakeholders. Required.—Candidates must possess a Ph.D. degree prior to the starting date with an emphasis on natural resources science communication, science communication, agricultural education, environmental education, or a closely related natural resources discipline. click here.

UKY Dept. of Forestry & Natural Resources Dept. Chair

The Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment (M-G CAFE), University of

Kentucky (UK) seeks a Department Chair to support a shared vision with innovative and skilled administration of the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources. The Chair will facilitate the Department’s efforts to enhance and develop prominence in research and graduate education, foster nationally recognized extension and outreach programs, and provide leadership for its Society of American Foresters (SAF)-accredited forestry undergraduate program. Applicants must hold a Ph.D. in forestry, natural resources, or a related field of study encompassed by the Department’s programmatic areas. For more details, click here.

Assistant or Associate Professor in Program and Staff Development (Mississippi State)

Mississippi State Extension has an open position for an Assistant or Associate Professor in Program and Staff Development (PSD). The primary function of this position will be to facilitate Extension program planning and staff development processes and teach one graduate-level course each year in Agricultural Education, Leadership and Communication (AELC). The anticipated start date is July 1, 2025, with a review of applications beginning January 15, 2025. MSU Extension Program and Staff Development is dedicated to building the professional, programmatic, and evaluation knowledge and capacity of the organization and its employees. Faculty in PSD support Extension administrators, faculty, agents, and staff in planning and needs assessment, program development and enhancement, evaluation and accountability, performance measurement, and professional learning and development. Learn more here.

Asst/Assoc. Professor of Biomaterials (University of Georgia)

The Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources at the University of Georgia in Athens, GA invites applications for a tenure-track faculty position in Forest Biomaterials at the Assistant or Associate Professor level with research, instruction, and university and professional service expectations as part of a 9-month appointment. Individuals with expertise in the following forest biomaterials academic areas are encouraged to apply: conversion, green chemistry, modification, novel materials, petrochemical replacement materials, and/or xylochemistry. Required qualifications include a Ph.D. degree prior to the starting date in forest biomaterials, wood science, forest products, paper science and engineering, material science and engineering, chemistry, or a closely related field. Apply here.

Southern High Plains Project Director (Amarillo, TX)

The Nature Conservancy is seeking candidates for a Southern High Plains Project Director position. This position develops, manages, and advances conservation programs, in the Texas Panhandle as well as eastern New Mexico and western Oklahoma. May work in variable weather conditions, at remote locations, on difficult and hazardous terrain and under physically demanding circumstances. The successful applicant must meet the requirements of The Nature Conservancy's background screening process. Click here to apply.

Director of Agricultural Sciences and Forestry (Louisiana Tech University)

This is a 12-month administrative position. The Director is responsible for long-range vision and planning, resource development, faculty and student recruitment, faculty development, comprehensive financial planning, facilitating faculty research and teaching, and management of the academic and farm units. This position is also expected to seek out and coordinate outreach and service activities, in addition to external relations with the agricultural, forestry, and rural communities through commodity and industry organizations, small business development organizations, and youth organizations (FFA and 4-H). The successful candidate is expected to demonstrate effective communication and interpersonal skills with students, faculty, staff, peers, and administrators. Apply here.

Asst/Assoc. Outreach Professor & Extension Specialist of Natural Resources Science Communication (University of Georgia)

The Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources at the University of Georgia in Athens, GA invites applications for a tenure-track faculty position in natural resources science communication. This is a full-time, 9-month position at the rank of Assistant or Associate Professor, with responsibilities in outreach (60%), teaching (35%), and professional service (5%). The successful candidate is expected to conduct applied research to support outreach and teaching programs. Individuals with expertise in the following areas are encouraged to apply: natural resources science communication, science communication, agricultural education, environmental education, or a closely related natural resources discipline. Required.—Candidates must possess a Ph.D. degree prior to the starting date with an emphasis on natural resources science communication, science communication, agricultural education, environmental education, or a closely related natural resources discipline. Learn more here.

Asst/Assoc. Professor of Precision Forestry (University of Georgia)

This is a 9-month tenure track appointment with expected research, teaching, and professional service responsibilities at the Assistant or Associate Professor level in the Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources at the University of Georgia (UGA). This position will be focused on the use of precision forestry technologies, including remote sensing, LiDAR, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and digitalization to improve site-specific prescriptions in forest management and advance the use of technology in forestry. The candidate will use these technologies to address diverse forest management, conservation, sustainability, forest health, and/or timber operations. Undergraduate teaching responsibilities will begin in Fall Semester 2025. Applicants must have a Ph.D. in Forestry, Forest Engineering, Remote Sensing, Computer Science, Engineering, or a related field. Apply here.

Southeast Regional Manager (Remote)

Forest Stewardship Council is seeking applicants for a remote Southeast Regional Manager position. The Southeast Regional Manager will focus on achieving certification growth and maintenance targets while prioritizing the needs of certificate holders in the Southeast. This position will also be tasked with prospecting and acquiring new certificate holders, with the support of the Senior Manager, Certification, and Business Development. This remote position requires up to 40% travel across the U.S. and involves cross-team collaboration, effectively communicating the organization’s structure, goals, and policies to diverse audiences in both written and oral form. The minimum requirements for this position are to have graduated from an SAF accredited University with a degree in Forestry or Natural Resources and five plus years of experience. Apply by clicking here.

Livestock Grazing Coordinator (Texas A&M)

Texas A&M AgriLife Extension is seeking qualified applicants for a Livestock Grazing Coordinator position. The Livestock Grazing Coordinator works collaboratively to plan, develop and implement education programs devoted to patch-burn grazing and pyric herbivory concepts. This is a full-time position with benefits, and is headquartered in Stephenville, Texas (with some remote work availability.) Salary is commensurate. Applicants are required to submit a cover letter, CV/resume, transcript, references, & other documents. A bachelor’s degree or four years of related experience are required. Learn more and apply by clicking here.

A Community on Ecosystem Services Conference

Post Hurricane Helene Forestry Meeting

Post Hurricane Helene Forestry Meeting

Post Hurricane Helene Forestry Meeting

Clemson Wood Utilization Development Annual Meeting

Drought and Aquatic Ecosystems in the Southeast Workshop

Coastal GeoTools

This 3-day training course will host speakers dedicated to addressing key topics on engaging, implementing, managing, measuring, and sustaining multiple facets of invasive species program practices. Attend to gain advanced knowledge on how to build support, create partnerships, source funding, manage volunteers, and other vital topics so to make grassroots efforts create impactful change on local environments and wilderness quality. The course includes both informational presentations and hands-on exercises. This event will have limited attendance through a merit selection process. Priority will be given to participants who can demonstrate their commitment to building invasive species management capacity within their community. Learn more and apply here.

SESAF Annual Meeting

Woodland Owners Retreat

AI in Agriculture Conference

The 2025 Extension Risk Management Education National Conference will bring together public and private sector educators, crop insurance agents, lenders, and other agricultural professionals to share ongoing and emerging successful risk management education efforts that target agricultural producers and their families. Conference participants will learn about what is working to help producers effectively manage the financial, production, marketing, legal and human risks associated with their agribusinesses. Register before March 18 to receive the early rate. Learn more and register here.

National Forum on Biological Control

Learn how to study this fascinating symbiosis in 7 days packed with hands-on sampling, lab exercises, and discussions guided by an experienced team of entomologists and mycologists. This workshop is hosted by the University of Florida (UF). Pre-registration is due by December 31st. Activities include collecting ambrosia beetles, learning data management, identifying beetles, extracting DNA from fungi, and much more. Learn more here.

International Symposium on Biogeochemistry of Wetlands and Aquatic Systems

The congress is a gathering of natural resource management leaders focused on discussing and shaping forest policy in the U.S. The decision to convene soon is driven by the congress’ goal to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and focus on the vital role forests play in providing natural climate solutions. The theme of this meeting is Equity & Climate, to highlight the congress’ commitment to diversity. Self-nominations are being accepted to attend the American Forest Congress. The following facts will be considered when selecting attendees for the congress: (1) expertise and influence, (2) geographic diversity, (3) sectoral balance, (4) youth and emerging leaders, and (5) new voices. Learn more here. Access the nomination form here.

38th Forest Products Machinery & Equipment EXPO

Conference presentations will be held on September 8th and 10th. The in-conference tour (included with the conference registration) will be on September 9th, which will visit a unique community-managed small-scale tree farm, a visit to Snoqualmie Falls, and a conference banquet at Ivar’s Salmon House in downtown Seattle. The conference will be hosted by Washington State University. More details, a call for papers, and registration information are forthcoming.

North Carolina State University Extension Forestry is hosting the Association of Natural Resource Extension Professionals (ANREP) biennial conference. In addition to the usual presentations, professional development tours will include a nature park, oyster farming culture, state forests, swamp preserve, two state parks, and a nearby arboretum. Attend to participate in presentations, field tours, workshops, poster displays, and informal networking provide a variety of options for skill building, knowledge sharing, collaboration and idea generation in a welcoming atmosphere. Visit ANREP’s conference webpage here.